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Curie temperature derives its name from French physicist Pierre Curie, who demonstrated that magnetism ceased to exist at a specific critical temperature in the late 19th century. Significance Curie-Weiss Law Curie Temperature Values The magnetism of a material is solely evident when the magnetic moments align themselves in a specific configuration. Induced magnetism occurs when an assortment of disorganized magnetic moments are coerced into alignment by an applied magnetic field....

History This law is credited to English scientist Michael Faraday, who contributed significantly to electromagnetism and electrochemistry. In 1831, Faraday demonstrated electromagnetic induction for the first time by wrapping two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring. One wire was connected to a battery that gave rise to a current, and the other wire to a galvanometer. The current in the first wire generated a magnetic field, which passed through the second wire....

Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway Palmitic Acid Synthesis Synthesis of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Desaturation of Fatty Acids Synthesis of Acetyl-CoA The pyruvate formed through glycolysis is then transported to mitochondria, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. The synthesized acetyl-CoA from glycolysis and β-oxidation of fatty acids is transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm through a shuttle system. In the first step, acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate, which gets transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol....

Most hurricanes take around a week to form. However, some are found to have developed within 1-2 days, and a few can take about a month if sufficient water vapor is not present. Hurricanes mostly form in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean. What Causes a Hurricane to Form The following requirement is the wind. In the Atlantics, the wind blows westward from Africa, helping the warm air to rise, forming a low pressure underneath....

Photometric Quantities and Units Photometer Applications of Photometry in Various Fields Types of Photometer Working Principle of a Photometer Photometers function by observing how various wavelengths of light are either reflected or absorbed by these materials. Their primary operation is the conversion of light into an electric current, allowing the intensity of the light to be measured based on the resulting electric current. When light passes through a colored solution, specific wavelengths are absorbed, producing an absorption spectrum....

Factors Affecting Plant Growth How to Measure Plant Growth How Plants Grow Different Stages of Plant Growth However, for each plant species, there is a fixed light intensity after which the rate of photosynthesis becomes stagnant. Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by providing the energy needed to form new cells and repair damaged cells. 2. Water (Moisture) It is one of the raw materials needed for photosynthesis. The availability of moisture in the soil or water underground is thus crucial for the synthesis of food....

Superposition is an important concept as it can explain many phenomena in physics. The interference and diffraction of waves and standing waves are based on the superposition principle. This principle holds for all kinds of waves, like sound waves, light waves, electromagnetic waves, and surface waves. Superposition Principle and Interference of Waves Superposition Principle Equations Example Problems F (x1 + x2) = F (x1) + F (x2) Consider two waves whose displacements are given by y1 and y2....

The term ‘sclerenchyma’ was derived from the Greek word ‘Scleros’ which means harder and ‘Enchyma’ meaning infusion. Mettenius discovered sclerenchyma in the year 1805. Structure: Providing the skeletal covering of the plant, thus giving shape and morphology Support: Contributing to the rigidity of the plant and thus provide permanent structural support Strength and Protection: Giving mechanical strength and protection to the inner, delicate parts of the plant to withstand outside stressHardness: Sclerids, forms the shell of nuts, the coat of many seeds, and the stone of cherries and plumsTexture: Sclerids provide gritty texture to some fruits such as pears and guavas

Before they can develop into a new plant, seeds need to leave the seed pod. If all the seeds land underneath the parent plant, they might not get enough sunlight, water, and nutrients to germinate. Since plants do not perform the physical movement to take their seeds to another place, there are ways to transport them. What is Seed Dispersal How are Seeds Dispersed: Types and Examples What is the Importance of Seed Dispersal Wind: Seeds of plants such as maple, milkweed, dandelion, swan plants, and cottonweed trees are light and feathery, which helps them carry to a distant place by the wind....

Over time, it results in the loss of phenotype as the populations tend to lose extreme phenotypes or attain more moderate phenotypes. Certain species, including humans, have undergone stabilizing selection for so long that modern species are indistinguishable from their ancestors. Stabilizing selection is the most common process of natural selection, as most traits do not change drastically over time. Evolutionary biologist Ivan Schmalhausen proposed the theory of stabilizing selection in his paper ‘Stabilizing selection and its place among factors of evolution’ in 1941....

Soil can be classified according to their texture, color, proportions, and different forms of organic and mineral compositions. Different types of soil based on their texture Different types of soil based on their color Suitable crops: Melon and coconut Silt Soil Silt is a sediment material that is transported by moving currents. Its particles are smaller than sandy soil but larger than clay particles. With particles measuring from 0.002 to 0....

Where Does Beta Oxidation Occur Activation of Fatty Acid in the Cytosol Formation of Acyl-Carnitine Translocation into the Mitochondrial Matrix Beta Oxidation in the Mitochondria Products of Beta Oxidation Steps This process involves four steps: 1. Dehydrogenation The first step of beta-oxidation involves the oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA by the enzyme acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, which adds a double bond between the α(C2) and β(C2) carbons of the molecule, forming trans-Δ2 enoyl CoA....

Who discovered the Carbon Cycle? What are the Major Steps of the Carbon Cycle? Why is the Carbon Cycle Important? How do Humans Affect the Carbon Cycle? What are the Effects of Combustion of Fossil Fuels on the Carbon Cycle? How Does Deforestation Affect the Carbon Cycle? Carbon present in the air as carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants, the primary producers to produce food in the form of carbohydrates by a process called photosynthesis....

What Causes Diamagnetism Diamagnetic Materials Applications Diamagnetism occurs when all the electrons in an atom are paired up in the orbitals. When subjected to an applied magnetic field, the electrons realign their orbital motion so that their magnetic moments are opposed to the external field. As a result, a weak repulsive force between the diamagnetic atoms and the external magnetic field is generated. It is important to note that diamagnetism is inherent to all atoms....

Structure: What is Epidermis Made of Why is Epidermis Important for the Plants 1) Pavement Cells The outer region of the epidermis layer is made up of pavement cells. These are the most commonly occurring epidermal cells, lacking any characteristic shape. Under the influence of the cell cytoskeleton and some specific cellular proteins, the morphology of pavement cells varies from organ to organ, or in between different plant species. For instance, in dicot leaves, the shape resembles interlocking jigsaw puzzle pieces to form a sturdy layer, providing mechanical strength to the leaves....

History How does it Work Applications Although this effect has been attributed to Faraday, its existence was first shown by the American polymath, Benjamin Franklin. He had lowered an uncharged cork ball suspended by a silk thread through an opening on a charged metal can. The ball was not attracted to the walls of the container as expected. This proved the scientific fact that no electric field resides within a charged hollow conductor...

It changes the gene pool of the receiving population by changing the allele frequency. The gene flow thus plays a crucial role in shaping the genetic diversity or variation within and among populations of the same or different species. When Causes Gene Flow Factors Affecting Gene Flow Examples of Gene Flow in Nature Effect of Gene Flow on Population Importance of Gene Flow in Nature Gene Flow vs. Genetic Drift Alternatively, it can occur between two species, from bacteria or viruses to higher organisms, through horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT or LGT)....

What are the Different Parts of a Flower 1. Sepals 2. Petals 3. Stamen 4. Carpel When a flower has all the four floral parts, it is called a complete flower. A flower missing any one of them is called an incomplete flower. Functions Providing protection to the young flower buds from an injury by forming a tightly closed area Giving structural support to a flower Functions Protecting the reproductive structures in flowers Attracting pollinators like insects (e....

An object prescribing a circular path has a well-defined velocity with magnitude and direction. Uniform circular motion is a specific case in which the velocity remains constant in magnitude (speed) but not direction. The direction is tangential to the circle and changes as the object changes its position, resulting in acceleration. This acceleration is called centripetal acceleration. It is directed inward, radially toward the center of the circle. An object moving in a circle is subjected to a net force....