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What are the Different Parts of a Neuron 1) Dendrites 2) Cell Body or Soma 3) Axons Connecting Parts of a Neuron: Axon Terminal and Synapse While they have the common features of a typical cell, they are structurally and functionally unique from other cells in many ways. All neurons have three main parts: 1) dendrites, 2) cell body or soma, and 3) axons. Besides the three major parts, there is the presence of axon terminal and synapse at the end of the neuron....

Types of Meristematic Tissue Types of Permanent Tissue 1. Apical Meristems They are found at the tips of roots and stems, enabling a plant to extend in length. 2. Lateral Meristems They are found on the lateral side of the stem and root of a plant, facilitating growth in thickness or girth. 3. Intercalary Meristems They occur only at the bases of leaf blades and nodes of monocots. These help the plant to increase in length from the leaf base....

Rankine cycle is named after Scottish engineer William Rankine, who analyzed an ideal heat engine with a condenser in 1859. Rankine Cycle Process Work Done and Efficiency Temperature-Enthalpy (TS) Diagram Schematics The schematic of a Rankine cycle is shown below. The Rankine cycle system comprises a pump, boiler, turbine, and condenser. The pump delivers liquid water to the boiler (1), which converts water to superheated steam. The steam drives the turbine that powers an electric generator (not shown) (2)....

English physicist and mathematician James Prescott Joule discovered thermal energy in 1847. How is Thermal Energy Produced What is the Difference Between Thermal Energy and Heat Thermal Energy Transfer Examples of Thermal Energy How to Calculate Thermal Energy Applications of Thermal Energy Conduction: A process through which thermal energy is transferred between two molecules in contact. The transfer occurs when molecules strike one another, resulting in collisions. Conduction takes place in solid, liquid, and gas....

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy 1. Motion Energy Motion energy is the energy due to the movement of an object. The faster the object moves, the higher its energy is. Also, a heavier object has more energy than a lighter one. Examples A person cyclingA bullet moving through the airWind howling 2. Electrical Energy Electrical energy is due to the flow of electrons in a wire that results in current. It is used at home to power electrical appliances....

The heat of the sun causes water from the surface of water bodies such as oceans, streams, and lakes to evaporate into water vapor in the atmosphere. Plants also contribute to the water cycle when water gets evaporated from the aerial parts of the plant, such as leaves and stems by the process of transpiration. 2. Change from Solid to Gaseous Phase – Sublimation Due to dry winds, low humidity, and low air pressure, snow present on the mountains change directly into water vapor, bypassing the liquid phase by a process known as sublimation....

The word ‘nucleus’ means ‘kernel of a nut’. In 1844, Michael Faraday used the nucleus to describe the ‘central point of an atom’. Ernest Rutherford described the exact meaning of atoms in 1912. Who Discovered the Nucleus? Its Size What are Nucleus Made of Charge of the Nucleus Mass of Nucleus What Makes Nucleus Stable Regular units of mass, such as gram (g) or Kilogram (Kg), cannot weigh anything as small as an atom....

a) Simple Diffusion: It occurs without the help of any protein molecule. Examples: The movement of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethanol, and urea. b) Facilitated Diffusion: It is a selective process that occurs with the help of a transmembrane protein molecule. Facilitated diffusion can occur either through a channel protein or through a carrier protein. Examples: Transport of glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions. 2) Osmosis The spontaneous movement of water molecules from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane....

Symbol: P.E., U, or V SI Unit: Joule or J (1 J = 1 kg m2/s2) Cgs Unit: erg (107 erg = 1 J) Dimensions: [M L2 T-2] When was Potential Energy Discovered Scottish engineer William Rankine coined the term potential energy in 1853. Types of Potential Energy Change in Potential Energy Solved Problems 1. Gravitational Potential Energy The gravitational potential energy is due to the Earth’s gravitational force. It is the energy stored in an object due to its height from the surface of the Earth....

There are different types of clouds based on the height where they are found and the characteristics they show. If you have noticed, the pattern of clouds in higher altitudes is different from that found near the sea-level. Also, clouds differ from one another based on seasons. Sometimes these differences help us predict a change in weather conditions. They also help to drive the water cycle in nature. How Many Different Types of Cloud are There and What are They How Do the Main Types of Clouds Form and What Do They Mean Newer Types of Clouds The ten basic cloud types are — 1....

Theory Equation Types of Atomic Spectroscopy Applications The Bohr model of the atom describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in circular paths, each with a unique energy level. When an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower one, it releases a photon with an energy equal to the difference between the two levels. This photon has a specific wavelength determined by the formula Where h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength....

As a result of energy conservation, the total energy in an isolated system is constant. If there is a loss of energy in one part of an isolated system, there must be a gain in another part. Examples Equation The stored potential energy is converted into kinetic energy when the pendulum returns to the center. At the center, the potential energy is zero, and the kinetic energy is maximum. Therefore, at any time, the sum of the two is constant....

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a group of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Each chain member transfers electrons in a series of oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions to form a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. The importance of ETC is that it is the primary source of ATP production in the body. The electron transport chain’s functioning is somewhat analogous to a slinky toy going down a flight of stairs....

How Many Layers Does the Earth’s Atmosphere Have and What are They Called 1. Troposphere 2. Stratosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere 5. Exosphere The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, and it is where we live. It extends up to 5 to 10 miles (8 to 15 km) above the surface. It is the densest layer, containing more than half the volume of total air. Most of the atmospheric water vapor and dust are found here....

The union of the male and female reproductive cells inside the ripened ovule of a flower helps in the formation of seeds in a plant. Different seeds have different sizes, shapes, and colors that participate in the reproduction of flowering plants. Parts and Structure of a Seed 1) Seed Coat 2) Endosperm 3) Embryo A typical seed consists of three main parts: 1) seed coat, 2) endosperm, and 3) embryo....

In flowering plants, the process starts with seed formation, which then germinates to give rise to a new plant. The young plant gradually matures to form an adult plant, which eventually dies to repeat the cycle. Rose, sunflower, jasmine, lily, rice, tomato, cucumber, peanut, and sweet potato are typical flowering plants. Stages of Life Cycle in Flowering Plants Life Cycle of Non-flowering Plants 1) Seed The life cycle of a flowering plant begins with a seed....

Ans. Simple diffusion moves substances down its concentration gradient without the involvement of any other molecule and energy expenditure whereas active transport helps in the transport of molecules against the concentration gradient assisted by other protein molecules and requiring energy expenditure by the cell. Q2. How is simple diffusion different from osmosis? Ans. Simple diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of their higher to lower concentration whereas osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from the region of low solute concentration to the region of high solute concentration....

Viruses are an assembly of different molecules containing genetic material. Most biologists do not consider them living, as they need to enter a host cell to survive and reproduce. However, they are also quite selective about their hosts. Bacteria are the smallest and simplest microbes with a free-floating genetic material. They are abundant in soil, inhabiting plant root systems to help them in nitrogen-fixation. Also, within the human body, they inhabit the digestive system to aid in energy metabolism and digestion....

Characteristics of Active Transport Types of Active Transport with Examples Functions of Active Transport in Cells What it Transports: Charged ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Example: Sodium-potassium pump, which helps to move potassium into the cell and carry sodium out. 2) Secondary Active Transport Also called coupled transport or cotransport, it involves the movement of substances across the cell membrane utilizing energy in other forms than ATP. This energy comes from the electrochemical gradient created by pumping ions out of the cell, which powers the movement of another ion or molecule in the same direction (symport) or opposite direction (antiport) of the membrane....