Formula
Permeability of Free Space
Relative Permeability
Magnetic Permeability Values
B represents the magnetic field strength, and H represents the magnetic field intensity. Units The SI unit of magnetic permeability is henry per meter (H/m) or newton per ampere squared (N/A2). One of its most important applications is determining the speed at which electromagnetic waves propagate in free space. The speed of light in a vacuum, denoted by the symbol c, is related to μ₀ and the permittivity of free space (ε₀) through the equation This equation shows that the speed of light depends on the properties of free space, specifically its magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. Its value is approximately 3 × 108 meters per second. Electromagnetic waves, such as light, radiowaves, and microwaves, travel at this speed when passing through a vacuum. The relative permeability of air or vacuum is considered equal to 1. Non-magnetic: Wood, plastic, glass, and most non-metallic substances have relative magnetic permeability values close to 1. They are generally considered to be non-magnetic. Ferromagnetic: Ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt exhibit high relative magnetic permeability values, typically hundreds to thousands. This property makes them highly susceptible to becoming magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field. Paramagnetic: Paramagnetic materials like aluminum, platinum, and oxygen have relative magnetic permeability values slightly greater than 1 but significantly less than ferromagnetic materials. They are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. Diamagnetic: Diamagnetic materials such as copper, gold, and water have relative magnetic permeability values slightly less than 1. They are weakly repelled by magnetic fields. It is important to note that the magnetic permeability values depend on factors such as temperature and the strength of the applied magnetic field.
