A basic flow chart of this statement would be: DNA → RNA → Protein
Processes Involved in Central Dogma
Why is it Important
1. Transcription (DNA → RNA)
Here, the genetic information gets transferred from double-stranded DNA to the single-stranded RNA molecule. This step takes place in the cell nucleus and is mainly mediated by the enzyme RNA Polymerase. The newly formed RNA undergoes post-transcriptional modifications and enters the next step once matured.
2. Translation (RNA → Protein)
Once the mature RNA leaves the nucleus, it codes for specific amino acids in the ribosome to synthesize proteins. Being an active process, it requires energy provided by the charged tRNA molecules. Note: As stated, genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein through these two primary steps. However, DNA continues to make its own copy by replication. On the other hand, in some viruses, DNA is formed from RNA by reverse transcription process.
