Is Centrifugal Force Real The centrifugal force is real for an observer in the rotating frame of reference, i.e., the non-inertial frame. It does not exist for a stationary observer in the inertial frame of reference. Therefore, the centrifugal force is also called a pseudo force. Examples of Centrifugal Force Centrifugal Force Formula Uses and Applications of Centrifugal Force When the wheels of a vehicle rotate on a dirty wet road, they scatter mud around them due to the centrifugal force....

An example of conservative force is the gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth. Unlike a conservative force, a non-conservative force is one in which the work depends on the path taken from initial to final positions. It does not follow the law of conservation of energy. There is energy loss, primarily as heat, as the path progresses. The total mechanical energy in the final position is not the same as in the initial position....

In other words, the Fermi level is like a dividing line that helps us understand how electrons are distributed in a material. Below the Fermi level, energy levels are mostly filled with electrons, and above it, energy levels are mostly empty. The following representative image shows the position of the Fermi level in an intrinsic semiconductor. Fermi level is named after Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who was the first one to propose the concept....

They are called ‘graded’ because they can vary in magnitude based on the change in the membrane potential instead of all or none. A strong input (for example, a hot object) will result in a more significant change in the membrane potential, generating an action potential. Conversely, a weak input (a semi-hot object) will produce a minor shift in the membrane potential, reducing the chances of an action potential....

Construction How Does a JFET Work A voltage is applied to the gate, which is reverse-biased relative to the source. It is known as the gate-source voltage. Gate (G): It significantly controls the current flow through the JFET.Source (S): Carriers enter the channel through this region.Drain (D): Carriers leave the channel through this region. The source and drain are located at the ends of the JFET and are connected by the channel....

2) Annular Solar Eclipse Takes place when the moon covers the center of the sun, leaving the sun’s visible outer edges to form a ‘ring of fire’ or annulus around the moon. 3) Total Solar Eclipse Occurs when the moon completely blocks the rays of the sun, thus casting its darkest shadow called the umbra on earth. During this phase, the moon covers the entire disk of the sun. 4) Hybrid Solar Eclipse Looks like an annular solar eclipse or a total solar eclipse, depending on the observer’s location....

History and Discovery of the Weak Nuclear Force The weak nuclear force was predicted by physicists Steven Weinberg, Abdus Salam, and Sheldon Glashow in 1972 and discovered in 1983 at CERN, Geneva. Strength and Range of the Weak Nuclear Force What does the Weak Nuclear Force do? Properties of Weak Nuclear Force Examples of Weak Nuclear Force The theory describing its behavior of weak interaction and effects is often called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD)....

Forms of Ionizing Radiation Types of Ionizing Radiation Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Sources of Ionizing Radiation Uses of Ionizing Radiation Harmful Effects Precautionary Measures Directly Ionizing Alpha Particles Alpha particles are helium nuclei or doubly positively charged Helium atoms. Since they have a large mass, they can’t travel through a medium at great speeds. This increases their chances of a collision with other atoms on the way. That is the reason alpha rays have a high ionization power....

Kepler’s second law describes the speed of a planet traveling in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. According to this law, the planet’s orbital radius and angular velocity will vary, but the angular momentum will be conserved. The planet’s speed increases as it approaches the Sun and decreases as it recedes. It is for this reason that Kepler’s second law is important. This law is also known as the Law of Equal Areas....

The bacteria express the lac operon genes to use lactose, which encodes key enzymes for lactose uptake and metabolism. For performing these functions and activating the lac operon, the following two conditions are necessary: Presence of lactoseAbsence of glucose However, measuring the concentrations of lactose and glucose and activation of lac operon transcription are regulated by two proteins: lac repressor and the catabolite activator protein (CAP). Structure of lac Operon How is the Lac Operon Regulated Structural Genes: The three structural genes in a lac operon are: lacZ: It encodes β-galactosidase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose....

A typical example of lactic acid fermentation is making yogurt by the bacteria Lactobacillus. History of Lactic Acid Fermentation Where and When Does It Occur Process of Lactic Acid Fermentation Other Lactic Acid Fermentations Uses of Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation vs. Alcoholic Fermentation In Bacteria Bacteria that carry out lactic acid fermentation are commonly referred to as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LABs). This process is a survival strategy in those bacteria as it produces the energy required for their metabolism and helps them reduce the pH of their environment through the synthesis of lactic acid....

Scientists who study phylogeny find patterns of shared ancestry between lineages. They are built based on hypotheses supported by facts. Most modern classification systems use phylogenetics to develop relationships among unknown organisms. Phylogenetics (phylogeny) comes from the Greek words ‘phûlon’, which means ‘race or lineage,’ and ‘genesis,’ which means origin. They have been used to study evolutionary relationships among organisms since the time of Charles Darwin. How to Read an Evolutionary Tree A clade can be of different types: Types How to Make a Phylogenetic Tree Importance of Phylogenetic Trees Root (Node), Common Ancestor, and Taxa In a phylogenetic tree, the common ancestor (a species or a group) is found at the tip of the tree’s branches....

The term ‘phytohormone’ was coined by Dutch biologist FW Went and American microbiologist KV Thimann in 1937. Where are Plant Hormones Produced Classification of Plant Hormones with Their Functions Other Growth Hormones in Plants 1) Auxins ‘Auxin’ is derived from the Greek term ‘Auxein,’ meaning to grow. They were the first group of plant growth hormones discovered. Auxin is mainly found in the tips of shoots and roots of plants, although they migrate to other parts for further action....

What is Balanced Force Examples of Balanced Force Balanced Force Equation Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces What happens when forces are balanced? Below are some facts about the balanced force. The effect that balanced forces have on an object are as follows: Does not cause a change in the motion of an object, which means a stationary object remains motionless, and a moving object continues to move in the same direction at a constant velocityThe sum of all forces acting on the object along a line is always equal to zero...

2) Partial Lunar eclipse It happens when the earth moves between the sun and the moon, but the three celestial bodies do not form a straight line with each other. During this phenomenon, a small part of the moon is covered by the central, darkest part of the earth’s shadow. This part of a shadow is called the umbra. 3) Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon) It takes place when the earth comes between the sun and the moon and covers the moon entirely with its shadow....

What are Mitosis and Meiosis Compare and Contrast between Mitosis and Meiosis Conclusion What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis How are Mitosis and Meiosis Similar Start with a diploid parent cell.Are preceded by an initial growth period called interphase of the cell cycle, during which the DNA is duplicated. Thus the number of chromosomal duplication is the same in both the processes.Go through the same basic phases; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase....

Examples of Reflection Terms Used in Reflection Specular Reflection In the case of specular reflection, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, thus giving a mirror-like reflection. Diffuse Reflection In the case of diffuse reflection, the incident ray reflects from the interface in all directions. In other words, the angles of reflections are different for each reflected ray.

[v_{T} = \sqrt{\frac{2mg}{C\rho_{air} A}} ] From this equation, one can see that the terminal velocity depends on: Density of air, ρairMass of the object, mArea A of the object that is projected vertically. In other words, the object’s orientation.Drag coefficient C, which depends on the shape of the object Thus, the speed achieved by a human during a free fall depends upon two factors – mass and orientation. Based on this, let us calculate the terminal velocity for two different positions....

This tropic movement has got its name from the Greek word ‘thigmo’, meaning ‘touch’. Its Types How Does It Work in Plants 1. Positive Thigmotropism When a plant grows towards the stimulus of touch, it exhibits positive thigmotropism. Examples Tendril coiling: It is primarily observed in climbing plants or vines with specialized tendrils. Tendrils are specialized leaves, stems, or petioles, having a thread-like appearance. They grow in a revolving pattern, where the tip bends in various directions forming spirals and irregular circles in search of support....

Mechanical waves can be classified into two categories based on the motion of the particles – longitudinal and transverse. In longitudinal waves, the vibration or periodic disturbance occurs in the same direction as the wave’s propagation. In transverse waves, the vibration or periodic disturbance occurs in a direction perpendicular to the wave’s propagation. A. Longitudinal Wave When a longitudinal wave propagates, it compresses and rarifies the medium. The particles in the medium move back and forth along the direction of propagation of the wave....